Supersymmetry: does every particle have a double?

For several decades, particle physics has been intensively exploring the fundamental mysteries that govern our Universe. Among the most fascinating and promising theories, supersymmetry stands out as a bold proposition. This theory suggests that for each known particle in the Standard Model, there exists a double, a “superpartner,” endowed with particular properties. This innovative principle … Read more

The standard model of physics: unified theory of fundamental forces

At the heart of the mysteries of the universe, the quest for a unified theory of the fundamental forces stands as one of the greatest challenges of modern physics. The standard model, the cornerstone of particle physics, has revolutionized our understanding of the interactions that govern matter, by integrating electromagnetism, weak and strong nuclear forces … Read more

QCD on the network: calculating strong nuclear interactions

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) on lattice today stands as an essential pillar for deeply understanding the strong nuclear interactions that bind quarks and gluons within nucleons. This method, combining complex theories of particle physics and computational prowess, slices spacetime into a discrete grid to make previously unimaginable numerical calculations accessible. The precise study of the forces … Read more

Quark-gluon plasma: the state of matter in the first moments

The quark-gluon plasma represents one of the most fascinating enigmas of particle physics, capturing the attention of researchers aiming to uncover the mysteries of the primordial universe. This state of matter, existing at extreme temperatures and densities, allows for probing the fundamental composition of matter even before classical particles such as protons and neutrons exist … Read more

The CP violation: why is there matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe?

In the vastness of the observable universe, a paradox arises for physicists: why does matter dominate antimatter when the fundamental laws of physics seem to favor an almost perfect symmetry between the two? This cosmic imbalance, called matter-antimatter asymmetry, has intrigued particle physics specialists for decades. At the heart of this enigma, CP violation appears … Read more

The disintegration of the proton: is ordinary matter stable?

At the heart of fundamental questions in particle physics, the stability of ordinary matter remains a fascinating mystery. Since the early hypotheses put forward in the 20th century, the possible decay of the proton intrigues physicists, as it would challenge our understanding of the very stability of the universe. The proton, a key element of … Read more

Sterile neutrinos: ghost particles that pass through matter

Sterile neutrinos, these mysterious entities of particle physics, remain among the most enigmatic in the subatomic world. Often referred to as “ghost particles,” they pass through matter with such discretion that they defy traditional detection capabilities. Their existence, still hypothetical in 2025, fascinates with its potential to revolutionize our understanding of astrophysics, cosmology, and even … Read more

The Higgs boson: the particle that gives mass to all others

The Higgs boson is one of the most fascinating and fundamental discoveries in modern physics. The entanglement of this particle with the Higgs field that is invisible permeates our entire universe and determines how the most elementary objects acquire their mass. Dominating debates and research for several decades, this particular boson is the key that … Read more

Cosmic strings: topological defects of space-time

At the heart of contemporary cosmology research are the cosmic strings, these hypothetical narrow-dimensional objects capable of revealing previously unsuspected aspects of the primitive universe. Appearing in the first moments following the Big Bang, they represent topological defects in the very fabric of spacetime, creating a kind of deformed scar on a cosmic scale. Their … Read more

Quark stars: exotic matter at extreme density

Quark stars embody one of the most fascinating mysteries of contemporary astrophysics. These celestial bodies, intriguing and enigmatic, defy the classical laws of matter under conditions where extreme density pushes the limits of nuclear physics. Composed not of isolated neutrons but of a dense sea of deconfined quarks, these stars represent an exotic form of … Read more