Physics

High-temperature superconductors: eliminating electrical resistance

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The scientific revolution surrounding high-temperature superconductors is currently at the forefront of energy and electronic technology development. The ability of these materials to eliminate electrical resistance opens up an unprecedented field of innovations. Unlike conventional metals, where resistance leads to energy loss, superconductors allow for the almost perfect transport of electric current, thus ensuring considerable … Read more

Graphene in 2025: Revolutionary applications of the miracle material

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Graphene, a material with exceptional properties, establishes itself in 2025 as a true catalyst for the technological revolution. Its unique structure, made up of a single atomic layer of carbon arranged in a hexagonal lattice, gives it extraordinary flexibility, conductivity, and strength. These characteristics pave the way for innovative uses across a multitude of industrial … Read more

Majorana fermions: particles that are their own antiparticles

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In the mysterious depths of particle physics, Majorana fermions hold a special place. These particles, unique in their kind, challenge classical understanding by being their own antiparticle — a characteristic that upends the traditional view of matter and antimatter. From the development of their theory by Ettore Majorana in the 1930s to recent experimental advances, … Read more

Topological qubits: towards robust quantum computing

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Quantum computing has promised an unprecedented technological and scientific revolution for decades, offering the ability to solve problems that are unsolvable by classical computers. Yet, a major obstacle still hinders its growth: quantum decoherence which weakens traditional qubits, the basic units of quantum computation. In the face of this challenge, a decisive advance is necessary … Read more

L’effet Hall quantique : révolution de la physique de la matière condensée

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L’effet Hall quantique s’impose aujourd’hui comme une véritable révolution de la physique de la matière condensée, bouleversant la compréhension classique du transport électronique sous champ magnétique. Initialement découvert dans des conditions extrêmes de basse température et de champ magnétique intense, il a révélé une nature quantifiée et étonnamment précise de la conductivité électrique dans des … Read more

Bose-Einstein condensates: understanding the fifth state of matter

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At the border of classical and quantum physics reveals a fascinating state of matter: the Bose-Einstein condensate. Far from the traditional states of solid, liquid, gas, or even plasma, this state appears under extreme conditions, at a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero. It spectacularly illustrates how the microscopic world can gather into … Read more

The Casimir effect: the energy of the vacuum between two metal plates

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At the heart of the mysteries of quantum physics, the “Casimir effect” intrigues with its counterintuitive origin: an invisible yet tangible force of attraction manifests between two metallic plates placed at an infinitesimal distance in a vacuum. This interaction results not from an electric charge or magnetization, but from the fluctuating nature of the vacuum … Read more

Bell inequalities: experimentally proving quantum non-locality

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In the fascinating universe of quantum mechanics, one of the major discoveries that challenges our intuitive understanding of reality is the violation of Bell inequalities. These inequalities, formulated by physicist John Stewart Bell in the mid-20th century, represent a crucial boundary between a local reality, based on hidden and deterministic variables, and the strange quantum … Read more

The EPR Paradox: Einstein versus Quantum Mechanics

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The EPR paradox, conceived in the midst of the intellectual turmoil of the 1930s by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen, remains one of the most fascinating and controversial enigmas of modern physics to this day. This thought experiment, which seemed intended to criticize and challenge quantum mechanics, actually shed light on unsuspected depths … Read more

Quantum contextuality: when reality depends on observation

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Quantum physics, rich in enigmas and paradoxes, has shaken our classical understanding of the world. At the heart of these fascinating discoveries, the notion of quantum contextuality emerges as a fundamental principle that questions the very idea of an independent reality separate from observation. When venturing into this unexplored territory, each quantum measurement does not … Read more