IN SHORT Stellar nucleosynthesis: A set of nuclear reactions occurring inside stars. Creation of chemical elements: Massive stars generate heavy elements through nuclear reactions. Star formation: They form from clouds of gas rich in hydrogen and helium. Primordial nucleosynthesis: Formation of light elements during the origin of the Universe. Types of nucleosynthesis: Includes stellar, primordial, … Read more
IN BRIEF Four fundamental forces: gravitation, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force Gravity: governs weight and the trajectories of celestial bodies Electromagnetic force: regulates interactions between charged particles Strong nuclear force: holds protons and neutrons together in the atomic nucleus Weak nuclear force: responsible for nuclear transformations Standard model: theorizes the fundamental interactions … Read more
IN BRIEF Cosmic time: central concept in cosmology to model the universe. History of objects: each element of the universe has its own temporal journey. Cosmological models: assume uniformity and isotropy of the universe. Coordination of events: necessary interaction between time and space to structure the universe. General relativity: revolutionized the perception of time in … Read more
IN BRIEF Dark energy: makes up about 68% of the Universe. Accelerates the expansion of the Universe due to its repulsive nature. Dark matter and dark energy: two great mysteries of astrophysics. Recent progress shows that the expansion of the Universe is faster than expected. Use of telescopes like Hubble and Euclid to study these … Read more
IN BRIEF Dark matter makes up about 85% of the mass of the Universe. It is invisible and undetectable, making its study complex. Represents one of the biggest mysteries of modern cosmology. Its existence is necessary to explain the movement of galaxies. Theories like modified gravity attempt to unravel this mystery. Less than 5% of … Read more
IN BRIEF Thermodynamics: Study of physical properties as a function of temperature. Thermal equilibrium: State where temperature reaches a stable value. Astrophysics: Application of thermodynamic principles to astronomical phenomena. Wien’s Law: Principles used to analyze radiation in the universe. Mass-luminosity relation: Correlations between mass and light emission from stars. Understanding accretion disks and other astrophysical … Read more
IN BRIEF Black hole: a region of space with an intense gravitational field. Accretion disk: matter in orbit around a celestial body, often composed of gas and dust. Accretion disks around supermassive black holes: key to observing the accretion of matter. Inclination of the accretion disk and angle of observation influence the detected brightness. Emission … Read more
IN BRIEF Physics: study of forces, energy, and the properties of objects. Chemistry: analysis of matter, molecules, and chemical reactions. Physical chemistry: intersection between physics and chemistry, focusing on the physical aspects of chemical systems. Physical transformations: changes of state (solid, liquid, gas) without modification of chemical composition. Chemical transformations: rearrangements of molecules, leading to … Read more
IN BRIEF Microelectronics : Used in computers and smartphones. Laser beam : Applications in medicine and communication. MRI : Medical imaging for diagnosis. Agriculture : Irradiation to extend the shelf life of food. Mechanics : Principles governing our daily movements. Thermodynamics : Regulation of heat in our devices. Optics : Screens and display technologies. Quantum … Read more
IN BRIEF Quantum Physics: Works for a simple understanding. The Feynman Lectures on Physics: An essential reference. Physics for Dummies: Ideal for beginners. Patience in the azure: Cosmic evolution by Hubert Reeves. 50 keys to understanding physics: Concepts without equations. Space and time: An exploration of the foundations of modern physics. The Evolution of Ideas … Read more